Human Growth Behaviour And Development Social Work Essay

human Growth Behaviour And Development mixer knead Essay oblige certificate opening derives from psychoanalyic psychology, however it is used in cordial work to attempt to understand doings in infancy and puerility to show the elbow room in which churlren develop franticly WALKER 2009This guess centres on the idea that barbarianren need to form secure relationships with other people, much(prenominal) as p argonnts or guardians, as it is a signifi finisht contributer to their emotional phylogenesis. genial bonds and relationships that ar made in early fryhood are believed to contrive an individuals life and flowerpot impact upon their well-being to determine their emotional and kindly stability later in life. Consequently, hamper is seen as an integral luck at bottom infants and young tykerens lives, as these experiences can shape a persons in the flesh(predicate)ity and identity in future years. (WALKER, J and K, CRAWFORD 2010). If these experiences of b ond paper are negative, and the child does non develop adequate relationships with their health care providers, then this can have detremental consequences on their psychological and emotional development. (WALKER, J 2009).The Attachment theory originates from the ideas of John Bowlby who believes that universe are biological predispositioned to set about fixing from others. He proposes that survival is nigh related to the ability to possess emotional bonds with other individuals (GREEN 2003). This is because by forming an bond paper with an authority figure who is seen as the stronger of the species, this reduces the vulnerability of the individual as it provides increase security and protection from harm posed by potential predators (BOWLBY 1958, cited in LISHMAN 2007). The theory looks at the itinerary that trammel relationships are formed, and the reasons behind their manifestation. Children are seen to form these relationships for reasons such as safety, comfort and to provide guidence. These attachment behaviors, accord to learning theorists, are displayed in infancy through talking, laughing and crying. This modifys them to persue their introductory needs for survival, such as food for nurishment, by their attachment to their stimulate who is able to accept them in fulfilling their needs (WALKER, J and K, CRAWFORD 2010). This initial attachment to caregivers also guides the individuals thoughts, feelings and expectations as they become aware of peoples responses towards them which help them recognise how to dribble (WALKER 2009).There are four boldnesss of Bowlbys attachment theory which attempt to explain his thoughts. The first, is that infants and young children develop emotional ties with individuals early in life, which acts as a biological function and plays an integral part to their survival. The second assumption is that the way a child is treated early in life has a major contributing factor to their future relationships and the way their personality is formed. The troika assumption is that attachment doings can form an internal working model which guide the childs thoughts, feelings and expectations as a result of the reactions of others towards their behaviour. The final assumption of Bowlbys attachment theory is that although it is difficult to alter attachment behaviour, it is non impossible, thereofre there is the possibility of alteration at any point in life, some(prenominal) in a positive and negative way (GREEN 2003).Although infants and young children are able to have more than one attachment figure, they are unflustered affected when they are exposed to seperation from their pristine attachment figure. This can get hold for numerous reasons, such as a child being aloof from a family home and fit(p) into care, or perhaps death. This can be a very distressing and confusing time for a child as they are unsure of who to turn to for security and protection. This is evident in mixer wo rk entrust in instances where an abused child wants to reside with its parents, even though it is not a stable or verifying attachment (LISHMAN 2006). Bowlby proposed that children who have experient seperation from their main attachment figure exit suffer in a process involving protest, dispair and detachment, in an attempt to shoot down their loss (BOWLBY 1958, cited in LISHMAN 2006).However, although Bowlby provided an important contribution to the idea of attachment, his research can be criticised in many ways. This is because Bowlby tends to focus his ideas on one primary figure of attachment, often the mother, when it is possible for children to form attachments with other people at heart their lives such as their father. Also, developing relationships with other people alongside the attachment figure is also important, this is because having to rely on the caregiving relationship of one person can be detrimental due to the fact it often results in numberency and does not allow other relationships to be formed with others, which can the hinder the social and emotional development of the child (WALKER, J and K, CRAWFORD 2010). tally to Lishman (2007), the attachment theory believes that when a child is stressed or afraid, they butt against particular behaviour and emotions which can be perceived as attachment. This is because they search protection from harm through the help and security of an adult who they see as stronger than themselves. This is closly linked to two types of behavioural establishments the exploratory behavioural system and the fear behavioural system. The exploratory behavioural system is based of the belief that when an infant or young child feels comfortable and safe, the attachment behaviour remains dormant and therefore the child impart be voluntary to explore the people around them and their surroundings. However, if a child feels threatened or vulnerable, the fear behavioural system will become active, where the chil d will no longer seek exploration and or else they will seek protection from their attachment figure and read behaviour related to that attachment.However, the behaviour that they display is not intended to provoke affection from the attachment figure, instead it is to regain a state of equilibrium (p59). This means that infants and young children are not dependent upon the caregiving nature of the attachment figure, instead their aim is to go down their fears.There is a classification of attachment patterns which identifies four different types of attachment, which attempts to enanble professionals to respect young childrens behaviour and emotions (secure, ambivalent, avoident and disorganised). Secure attachment is based of the belief that children depend upon their caregiver as a base for exploration. The caregiver is available to the child and responds to the childs needs, therefore the child behaves in a positive manner. Ambivalent attachment looks at how children are unwil ling to explore their surroundings as the caregiver is not consistent in their second. This can leave the child distressed, clingy and dependent. The thirdly category is avoident patterns of attachment, and features an unresponsive caregiver, therefore the child feels rejected and they view themelves as dependent whilst actively avoiding or ignoring the caregivers presence. And finally, disorganised attachment is where children are afraid(predicate) of their caregivers, and they themselves may feel confused or depressed. This type of attachment is almost often seen in children who have suffered abuse (HOWE 2001, cited in LISHMAN 2007).How a sarcastic understanding of Attachment Theory can contribute to Social figure Practice.Social workers are seen to have three roles to play when working within an attachment perspective assessment, planning and order work with children, parents and carers. Assessment looks at areas within attachment such as the needs of a child, the parenti ng that they receive, their emotional and behavioural development and the relationships which they have formed. There are also tests created specifically for measuring attachment, such as Ainsworths stranger test which provide an characteristic of the pattern and theatrical role of their attachments.The second role, planning, looks at how planning for parvenu attachments when placing children with saucily families needs to be approached carefully. This is because they need finding the most suitable parenting figures where impudent attachments can be made.The third role is direct work with children, parents and carers. This is because direct contact and communication is inevitable to achieve the best possible resultant when working with children and families. For example, when a child has been removed from their home and is being placed with new carers, direct work can provide brook to the child to prepare them for change. It can also be useful with the adoptive or foster fam ily to provide guidence and support towards what to expect and to help with any problems they fountain (LISHMAN 2007)Attachment theory has been used within social work habituate as the basis for many child care policies. This is because the idea of a infant or child being attached to their family, which can baffle their development in many ways, has been used as the basis for many legislation (LISHMAN 2007). For example, Sure Start Childrens Centres have been introduced in response to the importancy of family support to enable them to build and maintain positive family relationships (LAMING REPORT 2009, cited in BRAMMER 2010). Attachment theory had also contributed to policies such as shared parental responsibility, as it has emhasised the need for emotional and social relationships with caregivers, whilst also suggesting possible consequences to a childs development and the negative impact later in life if these needs were not met effectively. (LISHMAN 2007).Attachment theory al so provides guidence to enable social workers to judge the quality of a relationship between a child and its parents. This can enable them to gain an understanding of at what point, if at any, intervention is necessary as it gives them the ability to evaluate the attachment that is present within the relationship. The attachment theory also gives a more comprehensive understanding of the loss experienced by an infant or child when they lose their main attachment figure. This means that people working within social work practice are aware of the common and typical behaviours of a child who is dismission through this process and can therefore support them to overcome it. A further way the attachment theory is used to benefit social work practice is that as it is known that attachment figures are necessary for children to develop adequately, individuals such as adoptive parents can be taught to exhibit behaviour which will encourage new attachmentment from the child which is needed fo r personal growth (WALKER, J and K, CRAWFORD 2010). However , care needs to be interpreted when placing a child with a new family as to prevent a repeating loss of attachment figures which can cause them to blame themeselves and mystify feelings of worthlessness. This can mean ensuring that the child is appropriatly prepared and ready to form new bonds of attachment and that the new carers of the child receive sufficient support within their role. (LISHMAN 2007).Attachment theory can also be linked to the way in which a mother bonds with her new born baby. However, these early bonds are not solely restricted to mothers, it is also possible for fathers. Although, this bond is typically formed within the first few hours after birth as the mother and baby connect both physically and emotionally. The initial bond that is made is thought to have a significant effect on their future relationship as it is the beginning of their attachment. This knowledge enables social workers to support mothers who are particularly vulnerable to poor parenting, although this is only effective if the support continues throughout the first few months after the baby is born.. However, it is important to let down that just because a mother fails to achieve an initial bond with her baby, this does not mean that abuse is inevitable.How are issues of diversity relevant to human growth, behaviour and development?GREEN, V. 2003. Emotional development in Psychoanalysis, Attachment Theory and Neuroscience Creating Connections. eastward Sussex Brunner-RoutledgeLISHMAN, J. 2007. Handbook for Practice and Learning in Social track down and Social Care Knowledge and Theory. London Jessica KingsleyWALKER, J and K, CRAWFORD. 2010. Social Work and Human Development. Exeter Learning MattersWALKER, J. 2008. Studying for Your Social Work Degree. Exeter Learning MattersBRAMMER, 2010. Social Work Law. London Longman